SWT Know the usage share of operating systems used in computers viz. Desktop and laptop computers, Web clients, Tablet computers, Mobile devices.
Time-sharing operating systems schedule tasks for efficient use of the system and may also include accounting software for cost allocation of processor time, mass storage, printing, and other resources.
A) Types of operating systems
Real-time
A real-time operating system is a multitasking operating system that aims at executing real-time applications. Real-time operating systems often use specialized scheduling algorithms so that they can achieve a deterministic nature of behavior.
Multi-user
A multi-user operating system allows multiple users to access a computer system at the same time. Time-sharing systems and Internet servers can be classified as multi-user systems as they enable multiple-user access to a computer through the sharing of time.
Multi-tasking vs. single-tasking
A multi-tasking operating system allows more than one program to be running at the same time, from the point of view of human time scales. A single-tasking system has only one running program. Multi-tasking can be of two types: pre-emptive and co-operative.
Distributed
A distributed operating system manages a group of independent computers and makes them appear to be a single computer. The development of networked computers that could be linked and communicate with each other gave rise to distributed computing.
Templated
In an o/s, distributed and cloud computing context, templating refers to creating a single virtual machine image as a guest operating system, then saving it as a tool for multiple running virtual machines.
Embedded
Embedded operating systems are designed to be used in embedded computer systems. They are designed to operate on small machines like PDAs with less autonomy.
B) Usage share of operating systems
The usage share of operating systems is the percentage market share of the operating systems used in computers. Different categories of computers use a wide variety of operating systems, so the total usage share varies enormously from one category to another.
In certain categories, one family of operating systems dominates, for example, most desktop and laptop computers use Microsoft Windows, while most supercomputers use Linux. In other categories, such as smartphones and servers, there is more diversity. Data about operating system share is difficult to obtain, since in most categories there are few reliable primary sources or agreed methodologies for its collection. Know the market share of the top operating systems in use, like Windows, Mac, iOS, Android, and Linux.
B-1) Desktop and laptop computers
There is little openly published information on the usage share of desktop and laptop computers. Gartner publishes estimates, but the way the estimates are calculated is not openly published. Also, sales may overstate usage. Most computers are sold with a pre-installed OS; some users replace that OS with a different one due to personal preference, or install another OS alongside it and use both.
B-2) Web clients
The following information on web clients is obtained from the user agent information supplied to web servers by web browsers. The most recent data from various sources published during the last six months is summarized in the table below.
B-3) Tablet computers
Tablet computers, or simply tablets, became a significant OS market share category starting with Apple's iOS-based iPad. There have been 170 million iPads sold as of October 2013 with 132 million iPads in 2012 and 2013 combined, compared to 174 million Android and 5 million Microsoft based tablets, with others under half a million in the that time period.
B-4) Mobile devices
Mobile operating systems that can be found on smartphones include Google's Android, Apple's iOS, Nokia's Symbian, BlackBerry's BlackBerry OS, Microsoft's Windows Mobile and its successor Windows Phone 7 and later 8, Samsung's Bada and Tizen, and LG's webOS. Android and webOS are in turn built on top of Linux, and iOS is derived from Darwin-like OS X, which in turn is built upon the BSD and NeXTSTEP operating systems. Linux, BSD, and NeXTSTEP are all variants of Unix. Many[which?] statistics sites also consider tablet operating systems as part of the mobile OS market share.
Crossover to mobile getting more popular
According to Statcounter; "Mobile usage has already overtaken desktop in several countries including India, South Africa and Saudi Arabia" with several countries in Africa having done so already, including Ethiopia and Kenya (there mobile is 72.23%).
Source: wikipedia.org
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